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Dimitar and Konstantin Miladinov, as teachers, writers and public figures, were the first advocates for preserving and strengthening the national self-consciousness of the population of Macedonia, threatened during the Turkish rule by the assimilationist offensive of the Phanariotes. The Hellenizing policy of the Greek Patriarchate caused D. Miladinov, as early as 1852, when he himself was leading school education in Greek, to turn anxiously to Alexander the Exarch: "The six-eighths of Macedonia, which are populated by monolingual Bulgarians - he wrote to him - are all learning the Hellenic script and are called Hellenes by the Hellenes, except for the northern Slovenes, who are advancing in the Slovenian (language)", 1 Therefore, after the Crimean War, when the movement for the political and spiritual liberation of the Bulgarian people entered its decisive stage, Miladinov became one of the pioneers of the national awakening of Macedonia. As a teacher, with the active assistance of his younger brother Konstantin, Rayko Zhinzifov and other of his students and followers, he was the first to lead the struggle for the introduction of the Bulgarian language, which had been overthrown by the Phanariotes, into the school and the church, and with his exceptional activity against the denationalizing advances of the patriarchate, he established himself as a universally recognized figure in the Bulgarian revival. That is why, when in the January days of 1862 the news of the martyrdom of the two brothers was brought from Constantinople, it disturbed their compatriots from all corners of Bulgaria, and a number of Slavic periodicals, appreciating the value of their great work, widely popularized their names. Having received a solid education for their time in Greek educational institutions, which Konstantin subsequently enriched at the Faculty of Philology in Moscow, the Miladinovs perceptively understood the role of culture for the national revival of every nation. The rich literature of Greece, which excitingly reflected the life of ancient Hellas and the flowering of its civilization, not only does not disturb their national consciousness, but makes them look at the preserved material and spiritual values ​​of their people in order to document through them their historical past, the stability of their way of life and character. And if the Bulgarian literature of that time, whose development was hindered by the conditions of political and spiritual oppression, could only partially respond to this patriotic need, in the folk poetic work of Dimitar Konstantin Miladinovi discovered both the past, the present, and the future of his people. The collection of samples of folklore and their publication in the collection “Bulgarian Folk Songs” strengthened, enriched, and exalted their patriotic and democratic work.

K. Zhinzifov (1839 - 1877) spent half of his life, almost 19 years, in Russia. In Macedonia, under the influence of D. Miladinov and his personal participation in the struggle for his native language and school, he developed into an ardent patriot of his enslaved fatherland. Such Zhinzifov remained until the end of his life. After his arrival in Russia, Zhinzifov, like many other representatives of Slavic youth, was taken under the protection of the Slavic Committee and became one of its graduates. He became close to the Slavophiles (I. S. Aksakov, N. A. Popov, P. I. Bartenev) and entered their ideological circle. Of the Bulgarians who received education in the 1950s-1970s in Russia, K. Zhinzifov was the most orthodox like-minded person and associate of I. S. Aksakov. In 1861, Zhinzifov began collaborating with I. S. Aksakov's newspaper "Den" (1861-1865), then continued in the newspapers "Moskva" and "Moskvich" (1867-1868). After Aksakov's publications ceased to be published, Zhinzifov participated in the organs close to the editor of "Den" - "Moskovskiye Vedomosti", "Sovremennaya letopis" and "Pravoslavnoe obozrenie". The Bulgarian publicist was a close person in the Aksakov household. He treated I. S. Aksakov with extreme respect, as an exceptionally noble, good and honest man", 1 In one of his letters, Zhinzifov wrote: The house of Aksakov and the house of Bartenev will remain forever in my memory, wherever my fate takes me. "2 It was probably not pleasant to make a remark to you about the exam in more than one glass of wine, but Zhinzifov perceived Aksakov's words as from a close and playful person and therefore shared with Bartenev:,, Ivan Sergeevich gave me quiet and calm instruction and suggestion about the way of my life 3

Slavic studies in Norway have their support at the University of Oslo, at the Slavic Institute in the same city, and in some editorial offices of progressive newspapers and magazines. Prominent Slavicists are Professor Christian Stang, Professor A. Galis, and Professor Krag. According to the famous Soviet linguist Bernstein, Professor Stang is the first accentologist in Slavic philology. "When Stang publishes a new work, we, Soviet researchers, put everything else aside to get acquainted with it," says Berstein. Professor Erik Krag was also among the Norwegian delegates. He read a report at the congress on the topic "Some Notes on Dostoevsky's Style" (an excerpt from his book on Dostoevsky, which was published last year). The Russian scholar Pustovoit, in the discussions after the report, pointed out some characteristic differences in the language of the young and older Dostoevsky, noting that the report could also be interesting for linguists. Among the eight delegates from Norway at the Fifth International Slavic Congress was the Norwegian literary critic Martin Nag. The tall, blue-eyed son of the distant side of the fjords, about whom we know so little, aroused undisguised interest and sympathy among the delegates from the moment he appeared. He was born in 1927 in the city of Stavanger. He graduated in Slavic studies in Oslo. As a literary, theater critic and translator from Slavic languages, he shows particular interest in the work of Mayakovsky, on whom he wrote his doctoral dissertation. He has translated poems by Tvardovsky, Akhmadulina, and Rozhdestvensky into Norwegian. A great friend of Bulgaria, Martin Nag is an active figure in the Norwegian-Bulgarian Society in Oslo. An enthusiastic popularizer of Bulgarian literature in Norway, he has already translated quite a few works by Bulgarian poets, including the poem "September" by Geo Milev. He is currently working on translations of contemporary Bulgarian poetry. The young Norwegian scholar collaborated as a literary critic in the newspaper "Friheten", an organ of the Norwegian Communist Party. At one of the meetings of the Slavic Congress, M. Nag read a report on the topic "Vaptsarov and Mayakovsky". The report, read in Bulgarian, was very well received by the delegates, especially the Bulgarians. Recently, articles written by Martin Nag have appeared in the pages of the Norwegian press, in which the young Slavic scholar shares with his compatriots his impressions of the Fifth International Slavic Congress and of our country and people.

"PROLETARIAN REVOLUTIONARY SOLIDARITY IS NOT AN EMPTY WORD!" The September Uprising in Bulgaria of 1923 was the first anti-fascist uprising, the first assault of the working masses to block the barbaric march of fascism that was coming after the First World War. With the blood of the Bulgarian workers and peasants, who colored the waters of the Ogosta and Maritsa rivers more than forty years ago, the opening pages of the magnificent anti-fascist struggle of the European peoples, which lasted more than two decades, were written. The heroic and bloody battle of our working people with the fascist gangs of Tsankov was a signal, a warning and a lesson for the workers and peasants in other countries. After the uprising, the working masses strengthened their revolutionary readiness and determination to resist and attack the fascist plague, which was stretching its sinister hand over Europe. As is known, the heroic uprising of the popular masses, however, failed. For a number of reasons, it suffered defeat and was suppressed in the most cruel and barbaric way. But this was a defeat that prepared the people's victory on September 9, 1944, when the prophetic words of the heroic singer of the uprising, Geo Milev, came true - September became May!

The Bulgarian periodical press, whose beginnings date back 124 years in the city of Smyrna by Konstantin Fotinov with the appearance of the trial booklet of the magazine "Lyuboslovie", has an important share in the political, cultural and literary history of the Bulgarian people. The unpretentious beginning in the distant and isolated from our people region of Asia Minor over the years ignited the spark of the people's struggle for universal Bulgarian education, church autonomy and political independence. The Bulgarian periodical press before the Liberation was an important factor for the national awareness of our people, for its cohesion in a whole nation, for the manifestation of the people's ideals, in the name of which a merciless struggle was undertaken. After the Liberation (1878-1885) periodical 1 Georgi Borshukov. History of Bulgarian Journalism. 1844-1877/1878-1885. Sofia, 1965, p. 578.8°. Ed. of Science and Art. 149 The Czech press supported the implementation of the Unification and the consolidation of the Bulgarian state.

In December 1967, at the Institute of Literature, the Section for Bulgarian Literature before the Liberation discussed and accepted for publication the research presented for the collection "Literature and Folklore". The discussion, conducted under the leadership of Prof. P. Dinekov, was attended by: Prof. B. St. Angelov, Prof. G. Dimov, Dr. Kr. Genov, research assistants B. Nichev, S. Baeva, D. Lekov, Tsv. Undzhieva, L. Grasheva, St. Tarinska and others. Thirteen works were accepted for publication: P. Dinekov - Literature and Folklore", B. Nichev - "Literary and Folklore Artistic Consciousness", Kr. Genov - "Observations on the Typology of Bulgarian Folk Poetry", St. Nikolova - Paterical Tales and Folklore", D. Lekov - Folklore and the Formation of Bulgarian Fiction during the Revival", Tsv. Undzhieva - Slaveykov's Feuilleton and Folk Art", V. Valchev - Pencho Slaveykov and Folk Art", St. Boyadzhieva - Petko Todorov's "Prayer" and the Folklore Tradition", P. Totev - "With Contemporary Bulgarian Satire and Folklore", Iv. Koynakov - Botev's Poetry and Bulgarian Folk Songs to the Armed Anti-Fascist Struggle 1941-1944", E. Ognyanova - Mama and Her Tales", N. Kaufman - "The Rhyming Verses in Our Folk Song",