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The nature of the Enlightenment must be clarified, as this will allow a more correct understanding of the ideological and political struggle in Bulgaria in the 1860s and 1870s. Scholars who have studied the Bulgarian Enlightenment in the period in question (Jacques Nathan, Mikhail Dimitrov) note the following features: 1. The Enlightenment is a reactionary ideology of the wealthy merchants and artisans; 2. It is opposed to the ideology of the revolutionaries; 3. The ideas of the Enlightenment are opposed to the views of the Russian revolutionary democrats. Mikhail Dimitrov points out that "after the Crimean War, the Enlightenment was adopted by the entire bourgeois class in our country". 1. In the national struggles during this period (the 1860s and 1870s, L. E.) they played a demobilizing role. 2 "It is characteristic of the Enlightenment as an ideological trend that it preferred the path of evolution to revolution, 3 In one of his last works, Mich. Dimitrov comes to the conclusion: "the Enlightenment lent a hand to Turkophilism, it was an ideology for the fight against the revolutionary movement and became a common weapon of all bourgeois political trends before the Liberation, on both sides of the Danube. 4 In the above conclusions, M. Dimitrov puts an equal sign between the Enlightenment, evolutionism and Turkophilism. Jacques Nathan in his book "The Bulgarian Revival" also speaks of the opposition between the Enlightenment and revolutionaries. "While - writes Jacques Nathan - the enlighteners and churchmen expressed the interests of the wealthy elite of the Bulgarian people, the revolutionaries were the exponents of the interests of the declining guilds, the vast majority of the peasants and a part of the emerging bourgeois class (the liberal part)" 5 Analyzing Karavelov's worldview, Jacques Nathan and Mich. Dimitrov oppose him to Rakovski and Botev - as an enlightener of revolutionaries. Grozy Grozev in "History of Bulgarian Philosophy" distinguishes two directions of public thought in Bulgaria in the 60s-70s of the 19th century, opposing each other - the revolutionary and the enlightened.