Формиране

I predict that the reader will be perplexed when he reads the title of this article: is it possible that such general theoretical questions as the formation of the artistic image and the division of literature into genera and types can be solved or examined on the limited material of a literature for one decade and taken at that not in its best era: because in the 1840s of the 19th century, neither Botev, nor Vazov, nor Karavelov, nor Petko Slaveykov, nor Rakovski, nor even Chintulov had yet appeared on the literary horizon in Bulgaria. The literary field is mainly occupied by poets such as Neofit Rilski, Neofit Bozveli, Rayno Popovich, Konstantin Ognyanovich, Naiden Gerov and others.

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov is one of the undisputed peaks of Russian and world revolutionary-romantic poetry. His ideological and artistic formation entirely refers to the period after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising of 1825. It is precisely the period between 1828 and 1837 that is unusually rich both in the poet's personal life and in events that changed the face of Russian society at that time. The reactionary policy that Nicholas I established towards all democratic strata remained unchanged almost until his death. It is significant that for thirty years (1825-1855) 674 uprisings took place in Russia according to official data, but in reality there must have been much more. Characterizing this historical period, V. I. Lenin wrote: "This is the era from the Decembrists to Herzen. Serfdom Russia is oppressed and immobile. An insignificant minority of the nobles protested, powerless without the support of the people. But the best people of the nobles helped to awaken the people." At the same time, the class struggle intensified in the West - in England the Chartist movement was developing, in France the July Revolution broke out, in Italy the Young Italy society was developing revolutionary and liberation activities. To a certain extent, these events found an echo in the highly sensitive Lermontov, helping to build him as a poet of the post-Decembrist era. This is even a whole line that was outlined in Lermontov's development as early as his entry into Moscow University.