развитие

The extremely interesting work of G. D. Gachev "Accelerated Development of Literature" gives us the opportunity to look at it and evaluate it in a broader perspective, not directly related to the problems of Bulgarian Renaissance literature. The author's main concept of accelerated development poses contemporary questions that have the prospect of becoming increasingly contemporary. Every new generation and every individual who has appeared in this world must undergo accelerated development in order to be able to perceive in a concise, abbreviated form the experience of humanity gained in its centuries-old development. That is why the author's concept is very relevant, fruitful and of great importance for those who work on the work of individual writers. For my personal work, for example, on M. Tchaikovsky's Sadyk Pasha, Gachev's book with the problems posed and solved in it is extremely useful. Because I too am faced with a vivid case of accelerated development. The ideological formation of Polish emigration to France in the 19th century poses this question with all its acuteness. Polish emigrants arrived in Paris - the most elevated cultural center of Europe at that time, from a feudal country, some even, like Tchaikovsky, from distant Ukraine, where in both everyday life and in the worldview of the people there is still too much of the folklore-epic stage of human development. And they must catch up at an accelerated pace with the level of the most advanced human thought in the fields of politics, sociology and literature, each proceeding in the perception of the new from his own unique personal experience and personal knowledge and understanding of the world, brought from his homeland.

Isn't it too inappropriate to open this question again? Haven't we been forced to "originality" for years, which has left us behind in a number of areas of science and life? A number of people have prejudices about the topic itself. But anyone who has followed literary life in recent years will not deny that it is becoming necessary, often dominating the press, criticism, and conversations. These conversations have even acquired the specific hue of self-disclosure and self-knowledge, so complacency and skepticism become inappropriate. This is no longer a dialogue, as it is now fashionable to say, but a kind of public monologism, since we are touching on very intimate matters. Among the many reasons for the maturation of these problems in our literary development in recent years, I will point out the following: The tendencies of socialist development of constant rapprochement of the peoples in the USSR and the gradual erasure of national differences are formulated in the Program of the CPSU. Development in this direction is a complex and lengthy process. Nations, as Marxism teaches, are permanent historical communities, subject to constant change. Their true rapprochement, as well as the elimination of differences between them, must go through a comprehensive socialist flowering of national cultures, through the disclosure of their entire vital and creative potential. ..... The elimination of national differences - says the Program of the CPSU - is a significantly longer process than the elimination of class boundaries... The Party does not allow either ignoring or exaggerating national peculiarities." On the subject of the national question, Lenin warned that "an unconditional requirement of Marxist theory in the consideration of any social question is its formulation within certain historical frameworks, and then... taking into account the specific peculiarities that distinguish a given country from others within the limits of a historical epoch."

The geographical, ethnological and historical coordinates of the Romanian people are, of course, known. The end result of the Romanization of the local Thracian-Dacian-Moesian element and of the later assimilation of the Slavs in the last centuries of the first millennium of our era, in the lands of the European Southeast, north of the Danube, as well as on both slopes of the Carpathians, the Romanian people has developed under special conditions, between East and West, between North and South, on the crossroads of famous nations and destinies, almost always antagonistic. The firm guidelines of culture and literature reflect in turn, as is natural, all these coordinates. Creating its own national structure, which was in constant evolution, the culture and literature of the Romanian people have maintained at the same time numerous and lively links with the cultural manifestations of the Slavic world, as well as with those of Byzantine culture, and also with the culture and literature of the Romance and Germanic peoples of the West. Before moving on to the subject of the present report, which aims to present the development of Romanian literature, starting from the end of the 18th century, we consider it necessary to make a brief introduction, designed to recall the phases preceding the modern era, which has adopted - as we will see - certain positions towards the literature of the feudal past.