албанската

The emergence, development and legacy of ideological and artistic movements, of literary genres during the different stages of literary development, as well as a number of other phenomena in the history of Albanian literature, contain a whole series of differences that can be elucidated, taking into account the specific conditions of the national and historical development of Albania. Albanian literature has developed in conditions of national oppression and the long dominance of feudal relations. The ruling feudal class, intimately linked to the Ottoman Empire not only politically, but also culturally and ideologically, the lack of a national church of linguistic tradition, the existence of three different religions and, consequently, belonging to contradictory ideological movements (Christianity, European bourgeois culture and Islamism), the lack of a single economic, political and cultural center - these are, in broad outline, the historical factors that have made it more difficult than in other countries to achieve a synthesis of a modern national culture. In the 18th century, the old literature of a confessional nature continued to exist in Albania, whose main representative was the Albanian Catholic clergy. This literature found its right to exist and support in the resistance of the mountain population against the Ottoman rule. Its tradition of that time was continued by G. Kazazi, who in 1743 published a catechism in which he expressed his concern and love for the mother tongue, a feature common to all old Albanian authors. However, the ebb of the wave of uprisings against Turkey erased its importance in this literary production as well. With its narrow, confessional and regional character, the old Albanian literature could no longer satisfy the requirements of the new era, which heralded the rise of the bourgeoisie. But this spirit of resistance against Turkey, which was characteristic of it, continued to be preserved: it would develop as an element embedded in later Albanian literature.