метод

Among the major problems facing our literary science today, a particularly important place is occupied by the problem of the emergence, formation and development of socialist realism in Bulgarian literature. And this is quite natural. Because the further development of our entire contemporary literary art is closely linked to the solution of this problem. That is why for a number of years now literary theorists, critics and historians have been devoting special attention to this problem. And it is no coincidence that their efforts are increasingly directed towards clarifying the essence of the artistic methods used by proletarian-revolutionary poets and writers - precisely where the very core of the problem lies. The works of Georgi Bakalov, Todor Pavlov, Pantelei Zarev, the Soviet literary scholars Dmitry Markov, Nikolai Kravtsov and others contribute to mastering this difficult area to one degree or another. First of all, in our and Soviet literary science and criticism, there is no dispute that in our country the method of socialist realism was formed as a result of a certain socio-historical, ideological-political and literary development - inextricably linked with the growth of class consciousness and struggles of the Bulgarian proletariat under the leadership of the Communist Party, under the influence of the Great October Socialist Revolution and of young Soviet literature (in the beginning - mainly from the work of Maxim Gorky). As pioneers of proletarian-revolutionary literature in Bulgaria, Dimitar Blagoev emerged - in the field of theory and criticism, Dimitar Polyanov and Georgi Kirkov - in the field of lyric poetry and fiction. In a historical-literary sense, Polyanov and Kirkov stand in the closest kinship-genetic relationship with the social-revolutionary traditions established in Bulgarian literature by Lyuben Karavelov and Hristo Botev, as well as with the critical realism of Aleko Konstantinov and Stoyan Mikhailovsky. With their creative activity, Dimitar Blagoev, Dimitar Polyanov and Georgi Kirkov gave shape to the first - "propaganda" - stage of the development of our proletarian-revolutionary literature (until the end of World War I). The poetry of Hristo Smirnenski marked its second stage - with the manifestation of socialist realism as a new method in our national literature.

Nowadays, the call for literature and art to contribute to the construction of the soul, to the renewal of the morality of modern man is increasingly insistent, overly insistent. They must participate in the great and complex battle for the destruction of some - obsolete - moral values ​​and the establishment of others - new and necessary. Artists, musicians and poets need to be involved in the grandiose task of life in our rapidly developing century: the re-education of the individual personality. They must enrich it with ethics, which is drawn from the leading positions of life. But from art, in addition to sinking into the depths of human soul and its renewal, something else is required. It must become a free and unforced source of joy and inspiration" (Program of the CPSU). It must ennoble with its most immediate ideological, ethical and aesthetic impact. These requirements, sounded categorically, oblige us to look more closely at the complex, unified essence of artistic creativity. It is necessary to embrace it comprehensively, rejecting those ossified, didactically theses concepts that until recently did not allow art to educate and entertain, to provide pleasure, to be a bright source of human joy. The need for a more complete and more penetrating interpretation of art forces us again and again to return to the principled essence of a basic aesthetic concept, sometimes neglected: the artistic method.