Psychological Characteristics Questions

This concerns the psychological characteristics of characters in fiction. For a long time, these issues were neglected by both critics and artists. But recently there has been a revival, mainly in fiction. This came naturally, as a reaction against the simplistic understanding of socialist realism. In the recent past, we often repeated that in order to artistically recreate contemporary life, which is in constant motion and transformation, it is necessary for characters to be depicted in motion, in action, and not as Oblomov in bed. And this, generally speaking, is indeed the case. But we often forgot the old truth that art is the study of human nature, i.e., that it deals primarily with the human soul. And if the fiction writer fails to open up the souls of his characters to his readers, if he is content to describe their actions empirically, if he skims over the surface of the events in which they participate, he will deviate from his artistic goals and tasks and even risk falling outside the boundaries of art. There are many who have indeed found themselves there with some of their works. And after they got stuck, they began to remember the old truth.